Incinerator



A ril 25, 1933. J. c. WOODMAN INCINERATOR Filed OGt. 17, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR BY Jase 25h flg Vboflman M nfi ATTORNEYS April 25, 1933- J. c. WOODMAN 1,905,120

INCINERATOR Filed Oct. 17, 1928 s Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR BY Joseph fifi Vbod nan 94 A TTORNE YS April 25, 1933. J. c. WOODMAN 1,905,120

INCINERATOR Filed Oct. 17, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 IN VEN TOR Josep7z 6274 005272601,

April 25, 1933- J. c. WOODMAN 1,905,120

INGINERATOR Filed Oct. 17, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR a ATTORNEYS a, .52 if 35 35 40 365 April 25, 1933. J. c. WOODMAN 1,905,120

INCINERATOR Filed Oct. 17, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR BY 276367570 CJ Voflman A TTORNEYS 7 JosEPnj c. wooDMAN, or rLUsmiwG; nnwYoR-K, AssIGNOR To Patented Apr. 25, 1933 vnmreoST TE CORPORATION, OF YORK,'N 'Y., CORPORATION Q]? YORK memnnn'ron Application-fil ed -ctober 17, 1928. 'seriarnotslaoss;

The present invention 7 relates to furnaces or incinerator-shaving particular reference to brick furnaces suitable-toy'be employed in the :disposal of garbage and rubbish. Brick furnaces havesthe advantage of absorbing and interiorly radiating heat derivedfrom the internal combustion, which contributes toqthe drying? and improved burning of the refuse deposited in such furnaces. As heretofore constructed, brick furnaces, in receiving deposits of garbage and rubbish, have been forced to attempt to burn an accumulated'mass of dense, packed and soggy refuse. In theformer types of furnaces, the intensity of the heat due to the brick walls thereof largely lostits potential value because of its inability to permeate thedense and soggy mass .of deposited refuse from the bottom u-pwardsthrough andaroundithe mass.

To avoid this wastefuLand inefficient method, and atthessametime to taker-advantage ofthose properties ofthe brick furnace which can contribute tothe quickand thoroughdisposalef waste material, itisproposedxto arrange an indestructible openbasket grate construction within a furnace ofithe br ck type. Thus, deposits of waste'material may 7 be held suspended for the free permeationof aireand hot gases therethrough,resulting in arapiddrying and; consumption of the waste material. 'Provision is also made of means fordestroying any tendency of the mass of,

the waste material to become or remain packed, and to prevent to I a :largeextent this refuse fromcoming intovcontact with heated brickwork, which causes rapid deterioration-of the brickwork and iszattended ibyhigh.

repair bills.

Highly important .phases of the present invention lie in the constructional relationship existing between thebrick furnace walls and the basket grate and inthe provisions for circulation. Due tothe peculiar assemblage of therespective elements ofthese major portions of the furnace, the latter-maybebuilt in such manner thatsubsequent repairs and replacements in the basketigratejconstruction may be accomplished in minimum .of time and withexceptional ease. Theconstruction of the basket-grate.may partakeof difi'erent forms, but it is contemplated to 1 DEGARIE incmnan'roli' i build it of tandard material readily obtaim able in the open market at any time. A novel choice and assembly. of standard commercial parts results in an' ability t0:sepa. -v rateiand remove any apart-f the basket grate construction without requiring {1 an extensive dismantling of suchgrate. Anotherladvantagezof great consequence istheiavoidancelof a the necessity for tearingdown {any part of the furnace when repairing the :basket grate. '(Dther features and :adn'antages appearing hereinafter will, of course,"be understood-to form parts. of the present invention. LY In the drawings,

Fig. 1 is .a-cfiront elevation Fig. 2 is aside elevationzthereof; Fig; *3 is a vertical-section through :the fur nace taken substantially on line ,'3'-.- 13"of;

Fig. 4 is another verticalv section I iof thef'urnace; i

the furnace :3.t:1:lght tangles tothesectionkof Fig. :3, and iisitaken on the line Hzof- Figd'; Fig. 5 is a horizontal section 'thr'Ough an upper portion of the furnace, being takenon -'Fig. 6 "s ahorizontall sectiona portion-of the furnace at a lower ilevehiand :is taken onathe' line 6-6 of Eiglt; l Fig. 7 is a perspective view ofone: .ofithe' split refractoryvtiles that surround r the wall sleeves; 1 1 I. ig.i.=.8.;is.arsimilarwiew of oneof the split tiles'th atffitzabout the."doorfcastings; l f 1;." Fig. .9 is a perspective view of a modified fo'rm'of;basketgrate-; and I Fig; 10 :is aperspective View of a different type oflfurnace. A 'l Referringto the drawings, liindicates the front wall Lof .a furnace-,1'theJsidewallsQ thereof extending to a rear furnace Wit-1113,

which inextending upward does not reach the top furnacewall 4, thereby leavin'g. space between the rear, top and sidezrwalls that forms an outlet 5 "to a flue. Thei'enclosure formed bythewalls.:1,2, 3. and :4 constitutes a; combustion chamber 6, which isa'formed" with fire-brick 7':that. constitutes part- Of: the; wallsof the furnace. )The, furnace is ,pro-: videdwith a j acketof steel plates "8,fappropriate angles, I-beams, etc., being used to combine the sheet steel and afford supports.

Figs. 1 and 4 show the front wall 1 as being provided with upper and lower doorways 9 and 10, respectively, adapted to be closed by doors 9a and 10a. Si1nilarly,.as shownin Figs. 2, 3 and 4, the side walls 2 each contains upper and lower doorways 11 and. 12, respectively, furnished with doors 11a'and'12a. Below the lower doorways 12, the furnace side walls 2 are further provided with doorways 13, giving access to an ash pit 14, these doorways being closed by doors 13a. Refractory sectional tile 15,-such as is shown in Fig. 8 is used around the doorj way castings, and is also used in places where its moulded-to-the-purpose form makes for ease and economy in fitting. Improved retention of the heat in the combustion chamber tween the shaking grates 17 and the top wall 4 of the furnace is a basket grate 19, which is preferably constructed. of pipe and stand ard pipe fittings. An unusual selection of standard fittings, a novel assemblage of them'and the pipes as well as a peculiarcombination of the pipes, fittings and the'furnace walls produce a new furnace construction that possesses advantages hitherto unattained, as will become'more apparenthereinafter.. p j

The bottom of thebasket grate is formed of horizontally disposed pipes 20 the opposite ends of which are threaded into T-fittings 21. Threaded into the opposite ends of these T-fittings and axially aligned with the pipes 20 are shorter pipes 22, forming extensions of the pipes 20. The extension pipes 22 pass through sleeves lining holes in the brick walls 2 and through the sheet steel sheathing 8 therefor, extending beyond the sheathing for a distance suited for connections to be referred to later. The bores of thev sleeves 7 through which the extension pipes 22 pass are sufiiciently larger than these pipes to allow for their maximum expansion when heated. I Y

The pipe lines formed by the connected pipes 20 and 22, and which form the bottom ofthe basket grate 19, are spaced apart a suitable distance in a horizontal plane to receive and support refuse deposited thereon. Theextension pipes 22, being supported by the sheathing of theside' walls 2 of the furnace, as explained later, hold the bottom of the basket grate 19 in place. 7

Each of the T-fittings 21 has its third neck or threaded aperture directed upwardly, and V a vertical pipe 23 is screwed into it. Consepipes 23, one row being adjacent to one of the brick walls 2, and the other row being in relative proximity to the other brick wall 20f the furnace. At their upper ends, the vertical pipes 23 have elbows 24 screwled thereon, and into the bent-over "ends of the elbows short pipes 25 are screwed, as best seen in Fig. 3. The extension pipes 25 are horizontally disposed and pass through the walls 2 of the furnace in a manner similar to the projection therethrough of the bottom eX- tension pipes 22. v

Forming the back of the basket grate 19 is a vertical rowof horizontally positioned pipes 26, shown to advantage in'Figs. 3, 4 and ,6. The pipes 26-are continuous from beyond one side wall 2 of the furnace to a corresponding distance beyond the outside of theother furnace wall 2. Like the pipes 22 and 25, the pipes 26 pass through metallic sleeves 27 in the furnace walls 2, as best seen in Fig. 6, the bore of the sleeves being large enough to allow for the maximum expansion of the pipes due to their absorption of heat. The metallic sleeves 27 are provided with flanges 27a at their outer ends which are secured to the metal sheathing 8 ofthe furnace jacket. The cylindricalsle'eves 27 extend through the vertically split refractory tile 15 that is shown in Figs. 6 and 7 ,and which is internally conformed to the sleeves and externally to the firebrick of the furnace walls. Since the pipes-22, 25 and 26 pass through the me- @1110 sleeves 27, and the flanges met the latter are secured to the steel sheathing 8 of the furnace walls, the load of the basket grate 19 is carried by such steel sheathing and the brick walls are relieved of it.

It is now apparent that the basket grate 19 comprises a bottom, spaced sides and a back,

each formed of spaced pipes, the basket grate having an open front and top. The front bottom and side pipes 20 and 23, respectively, while spaced from the front wall 1 of the furnace are substantially as near the bricks thereof as the successive pipes of the same series are to each other, and there is no danger of any substantial portion of the deposited refuse falling out of the front of the basket grate. Not only are the referred to front pipes spaced from the bricks of the front wall 1, but the vertical pipes 23 adjacent to each side wall 2 of the furnace are spaced from such wall, the back-forming pipes'26 of the basket grate'being spaced from the'bricks of the rear'furnace wall 3. Important advantages result from this a'rrangement,'one being that the basket grate 19 is so spaced inwardly from the bricks of the furnace walls that the latter are not subject to the injury that results when wet refuse lies against thebricks; Y Moreover,; the space sur-;;'

rounding the basket- ;g'rate 19; and; which is between it and the :b riekof the furnace'walls,

allows the flames :to enyelopthe refuseanass P on all sides. The space maintai-ned by the backaformingpipes 26- of, the basket; grate between therefuse massand the rear. wall- 3 i ofthe combustion chamber prevents any danger 4 of a. "shuttingofl of communication wi-th the-flue, even though thejrefuseshould extend from the bottom-of the basket grate to the top wall of-the furnace. As shown; in c Fig. 9, the basket grate 19 nay have pipes-26 closing its front to insure that the wet refuse therein shall not The against the brickwork' of -the'front wall, in which case the opposite V ends-roffthe pipes 26-will be connected to T fittings 40 and 42that are in end to end connegation and as; a whole are connected across the-lowerand upper conduits formed by the T-fittings 35 and 37;- A clear passage-is thusf aintained between the basket grate 19 and the front furnace wall; g I Located in; the topw-all t-of the furnace over-the open-top' of the-basket grate 19is' a hopper 28, in which doors 29 are pivotally mounted as at 30; These doors are .automatic in -theiraction being normally maintained closed; by counterweights 31. The

mouth-. of 'the hopper- '28 opens-through a floor 32, which may be that of a ramp up whichyehicles can travel todump their loads into-the hopper. "Ifhewei-ght'of'such loadsv swings the doors 29=downward admitting the discharged refuse to the COIIIbUStlOH ChambGI 6 where it falls into. the basket grate 19, thecounterweights 31 automatically closing the doors" 29 after they become. relieved ;of the loadof refuse- Promoting smooth,v mutually aiding and simultaneous operationfof the doors are connections between the-shafts or-tru-nnions 30,

which pivot the doors 29. One of such connections is shown Eig. .;1-, and includes levers 33 secured to the pivotal shafts 30, a

link 34 connecting the outer'endsof the levers 33.

Due to the shape of the basket grater-1 9;

and the disposition of its 'bottompipes 2O to form a horizontal grate,

substantially correspond ng to' that of the shaking. grates 171 Accordingly, the entire bottom and all sides of the refusemass will beaflame, and the hot gases resultingfrom the combustion will permeate the entire volume of the refuse mass,"preparing it for rapid;

and thorough combustion Exteriorly of 'the furnace walls, the "821 tension pipes 22 of the basket grate bottom sides ofthe basket grate and the-pipes26' forming the back ofthatgrate are connected 'the refus'e may be dumped into the basket grate and spreadover its horizontal bottom throughout an area pipes 20,;the horizontally directed extension" pipes. 25 ofthe vertical pipes 23 forming the inia peculiar manner. The extension-pipes 22 from the bottom of the basket grate-l9: communicate with relatively; large flanged- T fittings 35 having flanged necks the bores i of which are much larger thanthe iexternal I in Eigs."2,3-and- 6. q i a} e Connection is effected between each large T-fi tting 35 and its associated extension pipe 22 through the medium ofv a flange 36 thatisbolted toa flan e a1'of the T-fitting 35 and finto which, the extension pipe 22 is screwed. "Suitable gaskets are positioncd between the fitting flange 35a and :the companion-flange 36;:and the vconnection bex tween the companion flan'ge 36-andthepipe 22 is made leak-proof? i J 1 In a similar mallllelit lli upperre lxtension' 11311365 25 from the tops of the vertical" sideforming pipes 123 of the bined withflarge flanged zT-fitt-ings 37; flange 37a of each large companion flange 88 bolted to i ,rfand' the' related e tenSiOnpipe 25-is screwed into the companion flange 38; i I I As seen in Figs. 2,8 and-=6,-thc.horizont'ala pipes ,26 that"form the back of the basket grate are screwed int-o" companion flanges 39, which ,are in urnuboll'ed stosflangeszOa of relativelylarge case of the top and bottom pipes 26."; These upper andilowermost posite ends fare- On; opposite sides of thei furnace, each 'T fitting 42 for the toppipef26 of theback of companiont are coin-z.

T-fittings 40,'exceptin the pipes: 26- at their op-' screwed; into companionflanges 41 that arebolted-tothe-flanges42a of large four-Way'TPfittings 4-2, as "shown lin..

'70 diameters ofthe-extensionpipes 22,:as-shown the basket grate, in addition'tobeingin coln I inunication with that pipe; also as :shown in:

tree

Fig. 2, connects the adjoining upper; T-fit-U' ting 87 with the uppermost 'T-tfitting AOJforI the next to the highest grate-baclr-forming pipe 26.

vertical flange 42b of the four-way x'T fit ting'42, while the horizontalflangeADcfof flange 426 of lower fitting '42. ,A blind C0111; panion flange 43 is used-toclose the 'remaining outlet of the lower four-Way T-fltting 42.-

In this connection; the vertical flange 37b .of theTefitting 37 is bolted to: the

the 'T-fitting l2. Ablind companion 4O with-the right I A-teach side of-the furnace, the upper left 1" handT-fitting'fliii, as viewed in Figs-2 and I 5, has its left hand flange3 7'c bolted-toka com panion flange 44 intowhi'ch apipe't 45 of relatively-large capacity is screwed. The

opposite end of each pipe 45 is screwed into a companion flange 46 that is bolted to a flange 47a of a saddle nozzle fitting 47 which ;is secured to and communicates with the interior of a steam drum 48, which is suitably supported as by being suspended fronr I- beamsby loop-forming rods 48a. In much the same manner, the left hand end T-fitting 35 of the lower pipe line that is outside of each furnace wall 2, as shown in Figs. 2 and 6, has a companion flange 49 bolted to its left hand flange 35f. Screwed into I each companion flange 49 is a pipe 50 of a relativelylarge capacity,

into. another companion flange 51. Each of the latter flanges is bolted to a flange52a of a flanged cross fitting 52. v V

Bolted to another flange 52b of each flanged cross fitting 52 is a companion flange 53 screwed into which is a vertical pipe'54.

The upper end of each pipe 54 is screwed into another companion flange '55, whlch as seen in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, is bolted to a flange 56a of w a saddle'nozzle fitting 56 that is secured to I and communicates with the interior of the 7 bottom of steam drum-48. To the bottom flange 520. of each flanged cross fitting 52 is bolted a companion flange 57 into which a 3'0 drain pipe 58 is screwed, a valve 59 normally closing the passage of the pipe. The remaining outlet of each flanged cross fitting 52 is closed by a blind companion flange 60 that is.

bolted to the flange 52d of thelitting 52. The steam drum 48 is partly filled with water above whichthere' is steam space for steam' generated by the combustion within the furnace. On both sides of the furnace,

the pipes 54' descend fromthe steam drum 48,

and,j as the valves 59' are normally closed,

water extends from the steam drum through- Y the pipes 54, the flanged cross fittings 52 and the pipes 50 to and through passages exterior to the furnace walls 2, which passages are 45 formed by the T-fittings 35 thatare arranged in an end to end continuation and form horizontal headers of much greater internal cross, section than that of the pipes 20 and eXtension pipes 22, thus assuring a suitable supply of water to the lower part of the basket grate.

Rising through the vertical pipes 23 that are connected to the bottom pipes 20, and 1 which form the opposite sides of the basket grate, the water goes through the upper eX- "tension pipes to enter passages exterior to the opposite furnace walls 2, which passages are formed by the end-to-end assembly of the upper T-fittings 37 which form upper horizontal headers of much greater internal crosssection than the extension pipe 25, and connect'ed with a steam drum 48at a higher level than the pipes 24 that connect with the lower headers, thus assuring suitable circulation.

through the'basket grate. 65'" The four-way T-fittings 42 allow the water which is also screwed to pass through the top andbo ttom pipes 26 of the back of the basket grate 19. I The low-j er four-way T-fittings 42 on each side of the furnace also serve as elbows and connect the passages formed by the T-fittings with vertical passages or headers resulting from-j the one-above the-other grouping of the T- fittings 40. The passages formed by the fit-' tings are connected by the upper four-way T-fittings 42 that serve as elbows with the passages that are formed by the upper -T- fittin s 37 a return from which is madeby the pipes to the steam drum 48.

Accordingly, a circulatory water system is are formed pipes 45'furnishing a return to the steam drum, and the pipes of the basket grate 19 7 within the furnace being connected across suchU-shapedconduits.

In operating the furnace, kindling material is passed through the doorways l0 and 12 and ignited upon the shaking grates'17. As

refuse, such as garbage and rubbish'is fed into the hopper 28, the automatic doors "29 swing downward under the weight of the refuse, allowing the latter to fall into and upon the extensive horizontal bottom of the basket grate 19. The spaced pipes 20 of the basket grate bottom and the side pipes 23"of the basket grate suppor 'thedepositso, that the flames from the fire on the shakinggr'ates 17 may have access to the refuse on the bottom and sides to ignite the refuse, which, as

pletely consumed, the fine ash ultimately find in g its way into the ash pit 14.

it becomes partially consumed and dried After each deposit of refuse passes through" the hopper28, the counter weights 31f auto matically close the doors 29, the levers 33 and link 84 causing one door'to assist in closing the other in case it tendsto stick or close at a faster rate.

Access to the basket grate l9'may be had through the doorway 9 in the front wall l' of the furnace and through'the doors 11 in Thus, an attendthe side walls 2 thereof. ant may get at any part of the basket grate l9 and with apoker, or other suitable'tool,

reach thereinto through the doorway 9, orv

through the doorways in either side wall of the furnace, and between the vertical pipes 23 forming the sides of the basket grate. In this way, the mass of deposited refuse may be stirred and kept loose, whereby the heat from the fire and that refracted the brick walls may penetrate the refuse mass and so dry it as to improve the completeness and-rapid}- ity of its combustion. Similarly, the control of the burning material on the shaking grates" T6 set 'forth'is its capability of easy and ,quick repair Without dismantling in part or in Whole the Walls of the furnace. Though the basketgrate 19 iSWtttGf-COOlGCl, and not likely to become injuredgby the I process of combus- Eio tion'transpiring inthe'fui'nace', if any of its constituent parts should accidentally Jbecome burnt out, a it may be a removed and repaired or replaced inaminimum of tinieland with great simplicity. i 1 Accordingtothe position oi'itheimproperly functioning, I defective or injured "part,

the Water-cooling system is first partially or-entirely drained. lfyfor example, one or more of the pipes become clogged, or need cleaning, 'it may often be accomplished by removing-plugs at oppositenendsof aJpassage so thatfthe opposite ends of the latter are" open. Acleaning tool may then be passed through the-passage from end to end to clean the same, or to dislodge an obstruction formed therein. Toclean-the bottom pipes ZOof -the basket grate, screw plugs "61 in the T fittings 35 that areonfopposite' sides of the furnace are removed. Each bottom pipe 200i the grate andthe extension pipes 22 at its opposite ends form asingle continuous passage, which opens to the atmosphere through the associatedT fittings 35, When thescr'ew plugs 61 of the latter are removed;

Similarly, the back-forming pipes'26 of the basket grate form a continuous passage terminating in the interiors of the 'T fittings 40 01'42, and when thescreW plugs62' ofthe former an'd '63- of the latter are removed, the bores of the pipes are open'from'end to end to the atmosphere; v

Inithe blind companionflanged?) of the upper four-Way T'-fitting 42, 011 either side o'f ithe furnace, is a-screw 'plug'fit' that may be removed, after "which a long cleaning swab, or other tool, may beinserted throughfittings 42 and 37,-an d the pipe 45, if desired. Screw plugs 67' in the upper row of T fittings 37, on either side of the furnace,'givei access to the upper extension pipes'25. ,Removal of screw plug 165 in either lower blind" com panion flange 43 permits cleansing "of the passage formed by T-fittings' 42 and'3'5 and pipe "50, a screWplug66 in the blind coinpanion flange fiO that is fastenedf' to; the flanged cross fitting 52 facilitating this procedure. a l I a If, instead of a cleaning off'the' pipes, or the removing of-obstr-uctions therefrom, a replacementof one or moreof them is necessary it maybevery easily effected. "Should it be necessary to remove one of the pipes of the bottom of the basket grate 19, for instance, aflwo'rkman may remove thefbolts that hold any T-fitting 35 to the T-fittin'gs 35 (or 35fiand'42latits opposite-ends, andthe bolts 'thatsecure thefla-n'ge" 35a of itsremaining neck to its companion flange The Ff-fitting 35 thus disconnected m-ayeqthen be removed, after rwhich. the compan'ion {flange 36 and the pipe 22screyved thereintogmay be removed as, unit, the pipe "22 being screwed out of its ordinary T-fitting 21 and withdrawn through vthe; sleeve it normally occupies in the, side all 2-of the furnaee The extension pipes 22 atyopposite ends lofeanay grate-bottom pipe 120' maybe removed in; this 1 I1anneI'-. i g,

Q If 1 the a corresponding extension pipes are removed through-their sleeves :in the furnace walls 2 in similar-manner, by-disccm necting and removing axially-aligned upper T-fittings 37 that are exterior to opposite Walls 2, and screwing theuncoupled companion-flanges'38 and the related pipes 26 as units out ofithe fittings 24,"the vertical pipes 23 may be screivved out ofthe fit'tings 21 on thepgrate-bottom pipes 20;. yPiPQSQQ, With their associated fittings-21 still screwed thereon, may their be removed, as through ;one

of the" doors 12' The normally vertical rside forming pipes 23 may be; similarly :removed with the elbows 24' attached thereto. A-WOTk:

man -may.:enter, the; combustion .fj hamher through "5 one of the doors 9 ion 10, using it-he shaking; grates 17 l as: a platform, or 7 he may enter through :the hopper. 12-8 ato the interior of the basket grate; There he :mayg disconr nect and removeany unsatisfactorysidepipe 23 or bottom pipe20,aiiter separating parts clearance to remove thepipe; y I

Any of the pipes 226r'forming the backaof the basket grate 19Zm'ay be removed insular stantially the same manner, but even -more associated therewith" E to acquire necessary simply, by removing'theproper intermediate flanged 'T-fitting 40, or the-wtop OIWbOtt m four-wayfianged T-fitting 4:2, disconnecting the pipe=26 irom' the companionqfiange'ia'ssociated with; the; T-fitting-at the opposite-end of thepipe, andpullingthis :pipe 26 through the sleeves in furnace Walls.:2 and out -ofzthe furnace i' 1 Exteriorlyof of the relatively large ,flang edr T-fittings 37, 40 and 42may be individually Withdrawn from; the, external conduit-lot Iwhich it is. a part, andamay be replaced by a '.'substitute fitting if rnecessary, The iexternaliupipesza id, 50, 54 and 58', aswell as the flanged; cross fit,- tings 52 and the valvesn59"may;;all1be easily removed and repla'ced. l While-the basket grate and-theme'mainder Yo'f the ci rculatoryliquid systemihas beengde- .the'ifurnacesidelvvallsfifany bined with othertypes of incinerators; :aFor

example, an all steeliincineratorlis illustrated in Fig. 10 andhas an-inner-gsteelsheathing8 which forms the f combustion chamber-c6, {the box-like structure formed by the sheathing '68 being surrounded by an outer sheathing 69 so that there is a water jacket existing between the inner of the outer sheathings 68 and 69. The outer box-like structure formed by sheathing 69 extends above the top of the combustion-chamber-forming sheathing 68- sufliciently to create a reservoir that is in communication with the water jacket that surrounds the combustion chamber 6, the water level in the reservoir being sufficiently below thetop of the sheathing 69 to leave space for steam that is generated in consequence of the combustion taking place within the furnace; In general, the all steel type of incinerator corresponds to the brick furnace hereinbefore described insofar as its other elements are concerned. The basket grate 19 is supported in the combustion chamber 6, the extensions 22 of the bottom pipes 20 of the basket grate projecting through sleeves 27 which are pro- 7 vided with flanges 2 at their opposite ends,

the opposite flanges of each sleeve 27 being welded or riveted to the inner and outer sheathing 68 and 69 respectively. In a similar manner the pipes 25 which form lateral extensions from the upper ends of the vertical side forming-pipes 23 pass through other sleeves'27-. After emerging from the side walls 2'of-theall steel incinerator, the pipes 25 areconnected'to the upper branches of the conduits formed by'the flanged fittings 37, while the pipes 22 that extend from the horizontal bottom of the basket grate 19 are connected as hereinbefore described to the lower branches vof the external conduits formed with theflangedfittings 35 in the manner previouslyset forth The lower and upper conduit branches are connected by vertically interconnecting sections formed of T-fittings 40, the interconnectingcsections being combined with the lower andupper conduit branches by the four-way T-fittings 42.

Since the water jacket and reservoir are present'between the inner and outer sheathings 68 and 69, respectively, in this form of '111-- cinerator, the connections between the conduits exterior to the side walls of the incineratorare made in a slightly different manner.

To the left hand lower fitting 35 of each external conduit is bolted a Tfittin'g 70 the end of which is closedby a blind flange 71, and the remaining outlet of'which has its flange connected tothe adjoiningflange of a short flanged pipe 72. The lower flange of this short pipe is connected to the upper flange of 'an'elbow 73, the flange atthe other end of the elbow being secured to the flange of a nozzle 7 4 the opposite flangeof which is fasr' tened to the outersheathing 69. At the right hand of each lower branch of the externalconduit a T-fitting is sccured'to the adj oin- "ing flange of the bottom four-way T-fitting 42. The flange of the downwardly extending neck of the T-fitting 75 is secured .tothe of the upper branch of each external conduit has a flange of a T-fitting 79 secured to it, 7

the flange at the opposite end of this T-fitting having a blind flange 80 secured thereto sealing that end of the fitting. Theupwardly ex tending neck of the T-fittin'g 79 has aflange to which is securedlthe'lower flange of an- The upper other short flanged pipe 81. flange of the short pipe 81 is coupled'to one flange of an elbow 82, the flange at the other end of which is fastened to the adjoining, flange of a nozzle 83, the-flange at the other end of which is secured to the outer sheathing 69 0f the incinerator, At the right, the upper branch of each external conduit has a flange of a 'T-fitting 84 secured to the end flange of the four-way T-fltting 42; A blind flange 85 closes the outer'end of the T-fitting 84, and to the flange of the upwardly directed neck ofthe T-fitting 84 is fastened the lower flange of a shortflanged pipe 86. a To the upper flange of the pipe 86 is secured one flange of an elbow 87 the other flange of which is attached to the adjoining flange of a nozzle'88 a flange of which is secured to the sheathing 69 that forms the outer shell of the allsteel incinerator.

tern for the all steel incinerator is caused to be the equivalent ofthe circulatory system for the brick furnace. Water from the water jacket formed by the inner andouter sheathings 68 and 69 enters the nozzles 74 and 78 at opposite ends-of the lower branch of each elbow 77, short pipe 76 and T-fitting 75 into the four-way'T-fitting 42 in the lower branch of, each external conduit. The water-then passes into the right hand T'-fitting 35 of each external conduit and also into the vertically extending T-fittings 40. Thus, the water extends through the lower branch of each external conduit, which is formed of the T-fit tings 35, through the vertical interconnecting branch thereof, which is formed of the T-flttings 40 and into the upper branch of each external conduit which is formed of the fittings 37.

As in the case of the brick furnace, the bottom pipes 20 of the basket grate are in communication through extension pipes 22 with In the manner set forth, the circulatory sys- I the T-fittings 35 of the lower branch of each external conduit, the extension pipes 25 being in communication with the T-fittings 37 of the upper branch of each external conduit and coacting with the vertical pipes 23 of the basket grate to place the bottom pipes 22 in communication with the upper branch of each external conduit. The back-forming pipes 26 of the basket grate extend through sleeves 27? and are in communication at their opposite ends with the vertically arranged T-fittings40 of each external conduit.

The circulatory system of the all steel incinerator is, therefore, in effect, constructed in substantial correspondenceto that of the brick furnace, except for such modifications as adapt the circulatory system to water jacketed incinerators. In other respects, the incinerator of the type shown in Fig. 10 corresponds in essential details to that of the brick furnace.

The whole arrangement of the elements produces a substantial furnace, and when of t re brick type the brick walls absorb and internally radiate heat which promotes the drying and rapid combustion of refuse deposited in the combustion chamber. The steel jacket around the furnace filled with thermal insulation further contributes to the efficiency of the operation of the furnace, and makes a neat appearance and saves floor space over the ordinary masonry setting. Repairs, when necessary, are made with ease and simplicitv, often with the necessity of a removal of only a few parts, and, when most extensive, many or all of the parts may be removed and replaced with a few common tools and with labor that need not be particularly skilled. While a preferred form of the invention has been shown and described, it will, of course, be understood that various alterations in design and construction may be indulged in without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. An incinerator comprising a furnace chamber having side walls and ends one of which is provided with an outlet for gaseous products of combustion, a water cooled basket grate for drying material before burning, said basket grate including a series of spaced hollow U-shaped portions extending from end to end of the chamber and a series of hollow horizontal members arranged one above another at the outlet end of the chamber, fluid containing means providing space for steam separation, exterior U-shaped headers at opposite sides of the chamber with one leg of each U-shaped header at the level of the bottom of the basket grate and communicating with said fiui d containing means,

7 the other leg at the level of the top of the basket grateand communicating with said fluid containing means, and the base sub- Jh'o'l l-ow U-shaped. portions forming it-he :si des and bottom, exterior longitudinal i headers at opposite sides of the furnace c'haniberatrthe levels of the tops and bottomsfzof said'ilb --shaped portions and having individuali con- :neetions therewith, external upright headers at opposite sides ofthe furnacech amber and opposite the ends of the hollowiransverse members, .and a steam. and water. separating drum in communication with all of said headers. 1 j s i ..:;3. An incinerator comprising aa furnace chamber with side :walls and ends, .a basket grate comprising hollow transverse rmem:

bers forming an endthereofanda series/0f spaced iho'llow -U shaped portions forming" -the sides and bottom, steam :and water-separating 1 drum :mean's, .andwcirculzationcon .nections'between'ithe druin means and'the i ibasketgrate includingan externalaU-shaped p header with' oneileg oppositeitheibottom's. of said 'iU-shaped members and haVi-ngiindivid.

nal connections therewith ithroughathe c orne- .spendingiside Wa'll,:.another 'leg oppositerthe tops of said-U- shaped members and havin 2r individual connections therewith, and gfihe base opposite the correspending ends of said hol'lowi transverse members and rhaving indivwalls; a r

4. An incinerator comprising a chamber withside :walls and ends,- a basket grate (201111 prising. spaced hollow ":U shaped pants-dorming the :sides and bottom. of the grate,'= stea xn Jidual :con-neetions therewith-1 through the sicle .and water .separationtdrum .means, and icirculationconnections :between the drum .means and the basket grate including a iflow er external header. extending'za'long one side of'rthe. chamber and 1 having 1indivi'dualacon- -nec-tions1through the adjacent wall with-ithe bottoms ofrsaid :Ueshaped parts,= an upper external header having individual connections with the .topsof said 'U-shape'cil .wparts,:and .an upright connection between the: lower. and upper external headers.

5; In an incinerator, a-furnacechamber having side walls and ends, and a fluid circulatory system including upper and lower external headers and a basket grate comprising a series of U-shaped sections formed of pipe fittings and pipes of which certain" plpes extend from the bottoms and tops of said U-shaped sections through apertures in said side walls enabling axial withdrawal therethrough and are connected with said headers, said headers comprising successive flanged fittings of which certain ones are opposite said apertures and are Connected with the pipes extending therethrough, whereby removal of one of such fittings vwill enable axial removal of a pipe connected therewith. 6. In a furnace, walls forming a c0mbustion chamber, a fluid circulatory system comprising communicating upper and lower external headers extending along the sides of the chamber and a basket jgrate comprising a series of spaced sections individually connected at their-tops and bottoms with the,

corresponding external headers, said headers includingsuccessive flanged fittings coupled for individual removal and said basket grate being formed of connected pipes some of which extend through said walls in alignv ment with certain of said fittings.

7 In a furnace, a furnace chamber having ends and sidewalls provided with pipe assa 'ewa s fluid containin means rowith side walls and ends, a basket grate'comand the basket grateincluding at each side *viding steam space, exterior headers at op- ;poslte sides of the chamber havlng at each side thereof upper and lower sections-connected to said fluid containing means at different levels and, a section connecting the upper and lower section, such sections ing formed of individually removable T-fittings,

and a basket gratecomprising a series of spaced sections individually connected" at their tops andbottomswith the corresponding header sections, said basket grates being I made up'of pipe fittings and pipes some of which pass through said passageways in alignment with pairs of T-fittings in the header sections atopposite' sides of the chamber, whereby removal of one or more of said T-fittings permits withdrawal to said walls of pipes forming part of said basket grate I 8. An incinerator comprising a, chamber prising a series of hollow U-shaped sections, fluid containing means providing space for steam separation, and circulation connections between the fluid containing means of-the chamber communicating upper and lower external headers individually connected with the tops and bottoms of said U- shaped sections and connected with the fluid containing means at different levels;

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

JOSEPH o. WOODMAN. 

